OT XXIX [A] Is 45:1, 4-6; 1 Thes 1:1-5b; Mt 22:15-21.
The common
theme of today’s readings is the nature of our obligations to God and to our
country. They show us how, with God’s help, we can become ideal citizens of
both earth and Heaven.
In the first
reading, the prophet Isaiah presents a startling figure: Cyrus, the pagan
emperor of Persia. God addresses him as His “chosen,” literally His “anointed,”
His messiah: “It is for the sake of my servant Jacob, of Israel my chosen one,
that I have called you by your name, conferring a title though you do not know
me.” Cyrus is chosen not because of his faith, not because he worships the God
of Israel—in fact, he does not even know Him. He is chosen purely for the sake
of God’s people.
Cyrus is an
instrument in the divine hand, used for a purpose far greater than his own
ambitions. He conquers, opens doors, and restores the exiles, yet he remains
largely unaware of the One who grasps his right hand. He may appear to be the
most powerful man in the ancient world, but another power far greater than his
is guiding history. This teaches us something about being chosen by God: we
take no credit for our call. We did not earn it, we are not deserving of it,
and we have no achievements to show. Yet God chooses us simply because He is
good and because He loves us.
Contrast
Cyrus with Caesar in the Gospel. The Pharisees and Herodians approach Jesus
with flattery and a trap: “Master, we know that you are an honest man and teach
the way of God in an honest way, and that you are not afraid of anyone, because
a man’s rank means nothing to you. Tell us your opinion, then. Is it
permissible to pay taxes to Caesar or not?” Jesus is not distracted by their
flattery, nor is He naive enough to fall into their snare. He asks for a coin:
“Whose head is this? Whose name?” “Caesar’s,” they reply. Then comes His
masterful answer: “Very well, give back to Caesar what belongs to Caesar—and to
God what belongs to God.”
His enemies
hoped to force Him either into the crime of treason against Rome or into
seeming disloyalty to Israel’s faith. But Jesus does more than escape their
trap. His words are not simply a political argument for separating Church and
State. Rather, He places Caesar’s authority under the authority of God, who is
the source of all power. Caesar may have rights over the things that bear his
image, but those rights are limited. There is a higher claim, a more
fundamental belonging, and even Caesar and every ruler must stand under it.
Here is the
irony in these two historical figures. Cyrus is the unwitting instrument who
does not know the God who chooses him. Caesar is the pretender who claims what
does not ultimately belong to him. One is used by God without knowing Him; the
other is reminded that even imperial power is subordinate to God, who alone is
Lord.
Now the
readings turn toward us. St. Paul writes to the Thessalonians: “We always
mention you in our prayers and thank God for you all … because God loves you
and that you have been chosen.” We, too, are chosen—not by accident of birth or
political fortune, but by the free and loving election of God. The deepest
reason for that choosing is written into our very being: we are made in the
image and likeness of God, as Genesis teaches.
This is the
key to understanding Jesus’ teaching. The coin bears Caesar’s image; therefore
it belongs to Caesar. We bear God’s image; therefore we belong to God.
Everything we are—our intellect, our freedom, our capacity to love, our very
existence—is stamped with the divine likeness. To “give to God what belongs to
God” is not merely to offer Him a portion of our time or resources. It is to
surrender our whole self: mind, heart, soul, and being.
Being chosen
is not a privilege that excuses us from responsibility. It is a vocation that
calls us to live differently. The chosen are summoned to lives of gratitude and
joy, sustained and expressed through the three theological virtues: faith,
hope, and charity. This is what St. Paul reminds the Thessalonians. At baptism,
you received the indelible mark of Christ, the One who shows us what God’s
image looks like. You are chosen. Live, then, in gratitude. Live in joy. Live
by faith, hope, and charity. Give to God what belongs to God, and discover that
in doing so you lose nothing; instead, you receive everything.
The words
“Render to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s” have particular
meaning for us in the United States. First, “render to Caesar what is Caesar’s”
means more than paying taxes or performing military service. We have a
responsibility to take an active role in public life, from town hall to
Washington, D.C. A good Catholic cares for his country because he loves God and
wants the nation to reflect God’s love in every aspect of national life. By
serving the country rightly, as a committed Catholic, one also serves God.
Our election
is only a fortnight away. As responsible Catholics and citizens, we need to
form our consciences before we vote. The United States Conference of Catholic
Bishops provides guidance in Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship,
which helps Catholics learn Catholic social teaching, engage in respectful
public dialogue, and make political choices in light of the Gospel. The bishops
do not tell Catholics for whom or against whom to vote; rather, they call each
person to form a conscience according to God’s truth, study the issues, and
pray for discernment.
One danger
the bishops name is that many people instinctively identify as Americans,
Democrats, or Republicans before they identify as Catholics. When that happens,
the Gospel can be overshadowed by partisanship or rigid ideology that demands
more loyalty than the Word of God. Naming this honestly is not a condemnation;
it is an invitation to let our faith shape our civic identity, rather than
allowing politics to reshape our faith. Catholics should be guided more by
moral conviction than by attachment to a party or interest group.
From the
beginning, Catholics in this country have wrestled with how to live faithfully
in a culture that does not always share or support the Gospel. That struggle
continues today, especially when many feel politically homeless and unsure
where their faith fits within the current landscape. A responsible citizen
should learn where each candidate stands and whether that candidate supports
Catholic values. Important issues must be considered: protection of unborn
life, capital punishment, euthanasia and assisted suicide, poverty,
homelessness, access to basic health care, human trafficking, racism, and
violence.
Above all
these stands the defense of unborn life, because the unborn are the most
defenseless among us. The bishops remind us that issues affecting human life
and dignity do not all carry the same moral weight, and that opposition to
intrinsically evil acts has a special claim on our consciences. At the same
time, we may not use one issue to excuse indifference toward other grave
threats to human dignity.
Consider how
strangely our society can value life. Federal law prohibits carrying out a
death sentence on a pregnant woman, and international human-rights law makes
the same provision. Even under English common law, a condemned pregnant woman
could delay execution until after giving birth. Yet some still call an unborn
child merely a “lump of cells.” The law protects the egg of a bald eagle with
severe penalties, while a human embryo is often denied the most basic
protection. This inconsistency should awaken us. So, form your conscience
before you vote in the coming days.
Prayer:
Gracious God, guide our hearts and hands as we vote, that our choices may
uphold human dignity and advance the common good